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antibody against connective tissue growth factor ctgf  (Santa Cruz Biotechnology)


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    Structured Review

    Santa Cruz Biotechnology antibody against connective tissue growth factor ctgf
    Antibody Against Connective Tissue Growth Factor Ctgf, supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 773 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/ctgf/CTGF+Antibody/pm42785080-52-0-11
    Average 96 stars, based on 773 article reviews
    antibody against connective tissue growth factor ctgf - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars

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    Related Articles

    Blocking Assay:

    Article Title: Hepatocyte Growth Factor Confers Trabecular Meshwork Stem Cell Resilience and Paracrine Protection of Trabecular Meshwork Cells in Glaucoma.
    Article Snippet: Equal protein amounts (12 μg) were separated on 8% to 16% Tris-glycine gels (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (MilliporeSigma). .. Membranes were blocked with EveryBlot Blocking Buffer (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) for 5 minutes at room temperature and incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies against CHI3L1 (R&D Systems, 1:500), MYOC (a kind gift from Dr. W. Daniel Stamer, Duke University, 1:3000), OCT4 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; 1:1000), CTGF (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:1000), α-SMA (R&D Systems, 1:1000), fibronectin (FN, Abcam, 1:1000), and GAPDH (Cell Signaling Technology, 1:2000). .. After washing, membranes were incubated with IRDye 488-, 680-, or 800-conjugated secondary antibodies (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA) for 2 Downloaded from iovs.arvojournals.org on 04/04/2026 hours at room temperature.

    Article Title: Hepatocyte Growth Factor Confers Trabecular Meshwork Stem Cell Resilience and Paracrine Protection of Trabecular Meshwork Cells in Glaucoma.
    Article Snippet: Cells were washed with PBS, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA, USA) for 15 minutes, and permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X-100 (MilliporeSigma) for 10 minutes. .. After blocking with 1% bovine serum albumin (MilliporeSigma) for 30 minutes, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies against CHI3L1 (R&D Systems, 1:100), MYOC (a gift from Dr. Stamer, 1:300), OCT4 (Cell Signaling Technology, 1:200), Ki67 (Abcam, 1:200), 8F1-3 (a kind gift from Dr. Nirmala SundarRaj, University of Pittsburgh, 1:200), CTGF (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:200), α-SMA (R&D Systems, 1:200), and FN (Abcam, 1:200). .. After washing, cells were incubated with Alexa Fluor 488-, 568-, or 633-conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen) for 2 hours at room temperature and counterstained with DAPI (MilliporeSigma) for 10 minutes.

    Article Title: Hepatocyte Growth Factor Confers Trabecular Meshwork Stem Cell Resilience and Paracrine Protection of Trabecular Meshwork Cells in Glaucoma
    Article Snippet: Cells were washed with PBS, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA, USA) for 15 minutes, and permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X-100 (MilliporeSigma) for 10 minutes. .. After blocking with 1% bovine serum albumin (MilliporeSigma) for 30 minutes, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies against CHI3L1 (R&D Systems, 1:100), MYOC (a gift from Dr. Stamer, 1:300), OCT4 (Cell Signaling Technology, 1:200), Ki67 (Abcam, 1:200), 8F1-3 (a kind gift from Dr. Nirmala SundarRaj, University of Pittsburgh, 1:200), CTGF (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:200), α-SMA (R&D Systems, 1:200), and FN (Abcam, 1:200). .. After washing, cells were incubated with Alexa Fluor 488-, 568-, or 633-conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen) for 2 hours at room temperature and counterstained with DAPI (MilliporeSigma) for 10 minutes.

    Article Title: Hepatocyte Growth Factor Confers Trabecular Meshwork Stem Cell Resilience and Paracrine Protection of Trabecular Meshwork Cells in Glaucoma
    Article Snippet: Equal protein amounts (12 μg) were separated on 8% to 16% Tris-glycine gels (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (MilliporeSigma). .. Membranes were blocked with EveryBlot Blocking Buffer (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) for 5 minutes at room temperature and incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies against CHI3L1 (R&D Systems, 1:500), MYOC (a kind gift from Dr. W. Daniel Stamer, Duke University, 1:3000), OCT4 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; 1:1000), CTGF (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:1000), α-SMA (R&D Systems, 1:1000), fibronectin (FN, Abcam, 1:1000), and GAPDH (Cell Signaling Technology, 1:2000). .. After washing, membranes were incubated with IRDye 488-, 680-, or 800-conjugated secondary antibodies (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA) for 2 hours at room temperature.

    Incubation:

    Article Title: Hepatocyte Growth Factor Confers Trabecular Meshwork Stem Cell Resilience and Paracrine Protection of Trabecular Meshwork Cells in Glaucoma.
    Article Snippet: Equal protein amounts (12 μg) were separated on 8% to 16% Tris-glycine gels (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (MilliporeSigma). .. Membranes were blocked with EveryBlot Blocking Buffer (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) for 5 minutes at room temperature and incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies against CHI3L1 (R&D Systems, 1:500), MYOC (a kind gift from Dr. W. Daniel Stamer, Duke University, 1:3000), OCT4 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; 1:1000), CTGF (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:1000), α-SMA (R&D Systems, 1:1000), fibronectin (FN, Abcam, 1:1000), and GAPDH (Cell Signaling Technology, 1:2000). .. After washing, membranes were incubated with IRDye 488-, 680-, or 800-conjugated secondary antibodies (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA) for 2 Downloaded from iovs.arvojournals.org on 04/04/2026 hours at room temperature.

    Article Title: Hepatocyte Growth Factor Confers Trabecular Meshwork Stem Cell Resilience and Paracrine Protection of Trabecular Meshwork Cells in Glaucoma.
    Article Snippet: Cells were washed with PBS, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA, USA) for 15 minutes, and permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X-100 (MilliporeSigma) for 10 minutes. .. After blocking with 1% bovine serum albumin (MilliporeSigma) for 30 minutes, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies against CHI3L1 (R&D Systems, 1:100), MYOC (a gift from Dr. Stamer, 1:300), OCT4 (Cell Signaling Technology, 1:200), Ki67 (Abcam, 1:200), 8F1-3 (a kind gift from Dr. Nirmala SundarRaj, University of Pittsburgh, 1:200), CTGF (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:200), α-SMA (R&D Systems, 1:200), and FN (Abcam, 1:200). .. After washing, cells were incubated with Alexa Fluor 488-, 568-, or 633-conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen) for 2 hours at room temperature and counterstained with DAPI (MilliporeSigma) for 10 minutes.

    Article Title: Hepatocyte Growth Factor Confers Trabecular Meshwork Stem Cell Resilience and Paracrine Protection of Trabecular Meshwork Cells in Glaucoma
    Article Snippet: Cells were washed with PBS, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA, USA) for 15 minutes, and permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X-100 (MilliporeSigma) for 10 minutes. .. After blocking with 1% bovine serum albumin (MilliporeSigma) for 30 minutes, samples were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies against CHI3L1 (R&D Systems, 1:100), MYOC (a gift from Dr. Stamer, 1:300), OCT4 (Cell Signaling Technology, 1:200), Ki67 (Abcam, 1:200), 8F1-3 (a kind gift from Dr. Nirmala SundarRaj, University of Pittsburgh, 1:200), CTGF (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:200), α-SMA (R&D Systems, 1:200), and FN (Abcam, 1:200). .. After washing, cells were incubated with Alexa Fluor 488-, 568-, or 633-conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen) for 2 hours at room temperature and counterstained with DAPI (MilliporeSigma) for 10 minutes.

    Article Title: Hepatocyte Growth Factor Confers Trabecular Meshwork Stem Cell Resilience and Paracrine Protection of Trabecular Meshwork Cells in Glaucoma
    Article Snippet: Equal protein amounts (12 μg) were separated on 8% to 16% Tris-glycine gels (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (MilliporeSigma). .. Membranes were blocked with EveryBlot Blocking Buffer (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) for 5 minutes at room temperature and incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies against CHI3L1 (R&D Systems, 1:500), MYOC (a kind gift from Dr. W. Daniel Stamer, Duke University, 1:3000), OCT4 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; 1:1000), CTGF (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:1000), α-SMA (R&D Systems, 1:1000), fibronectin (FN, Abcam, 1:1000), and GAPDH (Cell Signaling Technology, 1:2000). .. After washing, membranes were incubated with IRDye 488-, 680-, or 800-conjugated secondary antibodies (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA) for 2 hours at room temperature.

    Immunofluorescence:

    Article Title: Exploiting TGF-β-mediated Stromal Programming in Homologous Recombination-Deficient Pancreatic Cancer
    Article Snippet: F-actin was stained with phalloidin-Atto565 (1:500-1:1,000; Sigma-Aldrich). .. For immunofluorescence, primary antibodies against ACTN4 (1:250; clone EPR2533( ); Abcam ab108198), αSMA (1:500-1:1,000; clone 1A4; Abcam ab7817), B220 (1:25; clone RA-6B2; Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-19597), CD11b (1:100; clone M1/70; Cell Signaling 46512), CDH1 (1:250; clone 24E10; Cell Signaling 3195), CDH2 (1:200; clone D4R1H; Cell Signaling 13116), CK19 (1:35; clone TROMA-III; DSHB 2133570), CTGF (1:50 clone E-5; Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-365970), CXCL2 (1:50; clone EPR28746-89; Abcam ab317569), H2AX p-S139 (1:1,000; clone 20E3; Cell Signaling 9718), Ly6C (1:200; clone RM1151; Abcam ab317272), P53 (1:2,000; clone 1C12; Cell Signaling 2524), PDPN (1:200; clone 8.1.1; BioLegend 127404), POSTN; CD11b (1:100; clone E4K8C; Cell Signaling 93169), PXN (1:100; clone 5H11; Invitrogen AHO0492), SMAD2 p-S465/467 (1:100-1:200; clone 138D4; Cell Signaling 3108), STAT3 p-Y705 (1:200; clone D3A7; Cell Signaling 9145), TJP1 (1:250; clone 1A12; Invitrogen 33-9100), and VINC (1:250; clone 42H89L44; Invitrogen 700062) were used. .. For immunofluorescence, primary antibodies against ACTN4 (1:250; clone EPR2533( ); Abcam ab108198), αSMA (1:500-1:1,000; clone 1A4; Abcam ab7817), B220 (1:25; clone RA-6B2; Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-19597), CD11b (1:100; clone M1/70; Cell Signaling 46512), CDH1 (1:250; clone 24E10; Cell Signaling 3195), CDH2 (1:200; clone D4R1H; Cell Signaling 13116), CK19 (1:35; clone TROMA-III; DSHB 2133570), CTGF (1:50 clone E-5; Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-365970), CXCL2 (1:50; clone EPR28746-89; Abcam ab317569), H2AX p-S139 (1:1,000; clone 20E3; Cell Signaling 9718), Ly6C (1:200; clone RM1151; Abcam ab317272), P53 (1:2,000; clone 1C12; Cell Signaling 2524), PDPN (1:200; clone 8.1.1; BioLegend 127404), POSTN; CD11b (1:100; clone E4K8C; Cell Signaling 93169), PXN (1:100; clone 5H11; Invitrogen AHO0492), SMAD2 p-S465/467 (1:100-1:200; clone 138D4; Cell Signaling 3108), STAT3 p-Y705 (1:200; clone D3A7; Cell Signaling 9145), TJP1 (1:250; clone 1A12; Invitrogen 33-9100), and VINC (1:250; clone 42H89L44; Invitrogen 700062) were used.

    Control:

    Article Title: Silencing KMT2A with siRNA induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma cells by modulating GOF p53-dependent pathways, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.
    Article Snippet: 1 Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran 2 Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Abstract High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the deadliest gynecological cancer, often characterized by TP53 mutations that result in gain-of-function (GOF) p53, contributing to the aggressive nature of the disease.. Recent studies demonstrated that GOF p53 drives cancer progression by recruiting epigenetic regulators that activate the expression of oncogenic genes.. One such regulator is lysine methyltransferase 2 A (KMT2A), an enzyme that modulates gene expression by methylating histone H3 at lysine 4.

    other:

    Article Title: Nucleus-translocated glucokinase functions as a protein kinase to phosphorylate TAZ and promote tumour growth
    Article Snippet: Normal mouse IgG (sc-2025), normal rabbit IgG (sc-2027), GST (sc-138), Importin α1 (sc-55538), c-SRC (sc-8056), CK2α (sc373894), PIN1 (sc-46660), TAZ (sc-518026), CTGF (sc-101586) and protein A/G agarose (sc-2003) were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.



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    Image Search Results


    CT-domain is an optimal domain without elevating compensatory TGF- β 1 level rather than VWC-domain. (a) The levels of supernatant fibrosis markers (fibronectin and collagen III) in CTGF ko (CTGF knock out) fibroblast expressing full-length CTGF (FL-CTGF), CTGF with VWC-domain deficiency (CTGF-ΔVWC), and CTGF with CT-domain deficiency (CTGF-ΔCT), respectively (upper). Statistical analysis of ratios of fibronectin and collagen III to GAPDH (lower). (b) The levels of supernatant TGF- β 1 in CTGF ko fibroblast expressing FL-CTGF, CTGF-ΔVWC and CTGF-ΔCT, respectively (upper). Statistical analysis of ratios of TGF- β 1 to GAPDH (lower). (c) The ELISA analysis of TGF- β 1 levels in fibroblast treated with CTGF (1.5 μg/mL), CTGF + FG-3019 (0.01 μg/mL), CTGF + IgG (0.05 μg/mL), CTGF + FG-3019 (0.1 μg/mL), CTGF + IgG (0.01 μg/mL), CTGF + FG-3019 (0.05 μg/mL), CTGF + IgG (0.1 μg/mL) for 48 h, respectively. (d) The Western blot analysis of fibronectin and collagen III levels in fibroblast treated with CTGF, CTGF + FG-3019, CTGF + TGF- β 1 antibody (CTGF + TGF- β 1 ab), CTGF + FG-3019 + TGF- β 1 antibody (CTGF + F + T), and CTGF + IgG for 48 h, respectively (left). Statistical analysis of ratios of fibronectin and collagen III levels to GAPDH, respectively (right). (e) The Western blot analysis of fibronectin and collagen III levels in diagram muscle of WT mice treated with PBS, Mdx mice treated with PBS, FG-3019, TGF- β 1 antibody (TGF- β 1 ab), FG-3019 + TGF- β 1 antibody (CTGF + F + T), and IgG for 6 weeks, respectively (left). Statistical analysis of ratios of fibronectin and collagen III levels to GAPDH, respectively (right). Data are expressed as mean ± SD followed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, n = 3 per group. ∗ P < 0.05. ∗∗ P < 0.01. ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001.

    Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B

    Article Title: AI-powered therapeutic aptamer drug discovery: Targeting the CT-domain of CTGF for duchenne muscular dystrophy

    doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2026.02.016

    Figure Lengend Snippet: CT-domain is an optimal domain without elevating compensatory TGF- β 1 level rather than VWC-domain. (a) The levels of supernatant fibrosis markers (fibronectin and collagen III) in CTGF ko (CTGF knock out) fibroblast expressing full-length CTGF (FL-CTGF), CTGF with VWC-domain deficiency (CTGF-ΔVWC), and CTGF with CT-domain deficiency (CTGF-ΔCT), respectively (upper). Statistical analysis of ratios of fibronectin and collagen III to GAPDH (lower). (b) The levels of supernatant TGF- β 1 in CTGF ko fibroblast expressing FL-CTGF, CTGF-ΔVWC and CTGF-ΔCT, respectively (upper). Statistical analysis of ratios of TGF- β 1 to GAPDH (lower). (c) The ELISA analysis of TGF- β 1 levels in fibroblast treated with CTGF (1.5 μg/mL), CTGF + FG-3019 (0.01 μg/mL), CTGF + IgG (0.05 μg/mL), CTGF + FG-3019 (0.1 μg/mL), CTGF + IgG (0.01 μg/mL), CTGF + FG-3019 (0.05 μg/mL), CTGF + IgG (0.1 μg/mL) for 48 h, respectively. (d) The Western blot analysis of fibronectin and collagen III levels in fibroblast treated with CTGF, CTGF + FG-3019, CTGF + TGF- β 1 antibody (CTGF + TGF- β 1 ab), CTGF + FG-3019 + TGF- β 1 antibody (CTGF + F + T), and CTGF + IgG for 48 h, respectively (left). Statistical analysis of ratios of fibronectin and collagen III levels to GAPDH, respectively (right). (e) The Western blot analysis of fibronectin and collagen III levels in diagram muscle of WT mice treated with PBS, Mdx mice treated with PBS, FG-3019, TGF- β 1 antibody (TGF- β 1 ab), FG-3019 + TGF- β 1 antibody (CTGF + F + T), and IgG for 6 weeks, respectively (left). Statistical analysis of ratios of fibronectin and collagen III levels to GAPDH, respectively (right). Data are expressed as mean ± SD followed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, n = 3 per group. ∗ P < 0.05. ∗∗ P < 0.01. ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: Mice were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups: (1) Vehicle Control Group: Received subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of the formulation buffer alone ( e.g., PBS or vehicle used for Apc003OA), once weekly for 12 weeks. (2) Apc003OA Treatment Group: Received s.c. injections of Apc003OA at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, dissolved in the appropriate vehicle, once weekly for 12 weeks. (3) FG-3019 Treatment Group: Received s.c. injections of the CTGF VWC-domain specific antibody FG-3019 (purchased from Med Chem Express) administered according to an equivalent schedule and dose regimen as a comparator. (4) Apc003OA + BP Pre-treatment Group: Received an s.c. injection of the blocking peptide (BP) designed against the CT-domain of CTGF binding site for Apc003 ( e.g ., at a dose and timepoint defined in pilot studies, such as 1 h prior to each Apc003OA dose), followed by s.c. injection of Apc003OA (100 mg/kg), once weekly for 12 weeks.

    Techniques: Knock-Out, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot

    Apc003OA could distribute and remain in muscle tissues for an extended period, whereas FG-3019 could not do so. (a) The in vivo distribution of Cy3-Apc003OA and Cy3-FG-3019 in muscles (diaphragm and gastrocnemius) and major organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney) 2, 4, 12 and 24 h after subcutaneous injection, respectively. (b) Fluorescence intensities of Cy3-Apc003OA and Cy3-FG-3019 in muscles and major organs 2, 4, 12 and 24 h after subcutaneous injection, respectively. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation followed by multiple unpaired t tests, n = 3 per group. ∗ P < 0.05. ∗∗ P < 0.01. ∗∗∗ P < 0.001. ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001. The P values for the respective comparisons are indicated on the graph. Note: The data were presented as the means ± standard deviation.

    Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B

    Article Title: AI-powered therapeutic aptamer drug discovery: Targeting the CT-domain of CTGF for duchenne muscular dystrophy

    doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2026.02.016

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Apc003OA could distribute and remain in muscle tissues for an extended period, whereas FG-3019 could not do so. (a) The in vivo distribution of Cy3-Apc003OA and Cy3-FG-3019 in muscles (diaphragm and gastrocnemius) and major organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney) 2, 4, 12 and 24 h after subcutaneous injection, respectively. (b) Fluorescence intensities of Cy3-Apc003OA and Cy3-FG-3019 in muscles and major organs 2, 4, 12 and 24 h after subcutaneous injection, respectively. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation followed by multiple unpaired t tests, n = 3 per group. ∗ P < 0.05. ∗∗ P < 0.01. ∗∗∗ P < 0.001. ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001. The P values for the respective comparisons are indicated on the graph. Note: The data were presented as the means ± standard deviation.

    Article Snippet: Mice were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups: (1) Vehicle Control Group: Received subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of the formulation buffer alone ( e.g., PBS or vehicle used for Apc003OA), once weekly for 12 weeks. (2) Apc003OA Treatment Group: Received s.c. injections of Apc003OA at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, dissolved in the appropriate vehicle, once weekly for 12 weeks. (3) FG-3019 Treatment Group: Received s.c. injections of the CTGF VWC-domain specific antibody FG-3019 (purchased from Med Chem Express) administered according to an equivalent schedule and dose regimen as a comparator. (4) Apc003OA + BP Pre-treatment Group: Received an s.c. injection of the blocking peptide (BP) designed against the CT-domain of CTGF binding site for Apc003 ( e.g ., at a dose and timepoint defined in pilot studies, such as 1 h prior to each Apc003OA dose), followed by s.c. injection of Apc003OA (100 mg/kg), once weekly for 12 weeks.

    Techniques: In Vivo, Muscles, Injection, Fluorescence, Standard Deviation

    Apc003OA exerted better fibrosis inhibitory activity without elevating compensatory TGF- β 1 levels than FG-3019 in mdx mice. (a) The specific force against stimulation frequency of soleus muscles in WT mice treated with PBS, and mdx mice treated with PBS, Apc003OA, FG-3019, Apc003OA + BP, and BP for 12 weeks, respectively. (b) The forelimb grip strengths of mdx mice treated with PBS, and mdx mice treated with PBS, Apc003OA, FG-3019, Apc003OA + BP and BP for 12 weeks, respectively. (c) The fibronectin and collagen III levels in diaphragm muscle of WT mice treated with PBS, mdx mice treated with PBS, Apc003OA, FG-3019, Apc003OA + BP and BP for 12 weeks, respectively (left). Statistical analysis of fibronectin and collagen III intensity ratios to GAPDH (right). (d) The diaphragm muscle using Masson's staining from WT mice treated with PBS, and mdx mice treated with PBS, Apc003OA, FG-3019, Apc003OA + BP, and BP for 12 weeks, respectively (left). The statistical analysis of fibrosis index (right). (e) The serum levels of TGF- β 1 in WT mice treated with PBS, and mdx mice treated with PBS, Apc003OA, FG-3019, Apc003OA + BP and BP for 12 weeks, respectively. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation followed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, n = 5 per group. ∗ P < 0.05. ∗∗ P < 0.01. ∗∗∗ P < 0.001. ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001. The P values for the respective comparisons are indicated on the graph. Note: BP: Blocking peptide. WT: wild type (C57BL/10ScSn mice). Administration route: subcutaneous injection. Dosing frequency: once a week.

    Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B

    Article Title: AI-powered therapeutic aptamer drug discovery: Targeting the CT-domain of CTGF for duchenne muscular dystrophy

    doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2026.02.016

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Apc003OA exerted better fibrosis inhibitory activity without elevating compensatory TGF- β 1 levels than FG-3019 in mdx mice. (a) The specific force against stimulation frequency of soleus muscles in WT mice treated with PBS, and mdx mice treated with PBS, Apc003OA, FG-3019, Apc003OA + BP, and BP for 12 weeks, respectively. (b) The forelimb grip strengths of mdx mice treated with PBS, and mdx mice treated with PBS, Apc003OA, FG-3019, Apc003OA + BP and BP for 12 weeks, respectively. (c) The fibronectin and collagen III levels in diaphragm muscle of WT mice treated with PBS, mdx mice treated with PBS, Apc003OA, FG-3019, Apc003OA + BP and BP for 12 weeks, respectively (left). Statistical analysis of fibronectin and collagen III intensity ratios to GAPDH (right). (d) The diaphragm muscle using Masson's staining from WT mice treated with PBS, and mdx mice treated with PBS, Apc003OA, FG-3019, Apc003OA + BP, and BP for 12 weeks, respectively (left). The statistical analysis of fibrosis index (right). (e) The serum levels of TGF- β 1 in WT mice treated with PBS, and mdx mice treated with PBS, Apc003OA, FG-3019, Apc003OA + BP and BP for 12 weeks, respectively. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation followed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, n = 5 per group. ∗ P < 0.05. ∗∗ P < 0.01. ∗∗∗ P < 0.001. ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001. The P values for the respective comparisons are indicated on the graph. Note: BP: Blocking peptide. WT: wild type (C57BL/10ScSn mice). Administration route: subcutaneous injection. Dosing frequency: once a week.

    Article Snippet: Mice were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups: (1) Vehicle Control Group: Received subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of the formulation buffer alone ( e.g., PBS or vehicle used for Apc003OA), once weekly for 12 weeks. (2) Apc003OA Treatment Group: Received s.c. injections of Apc003OA at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, dissolved in the appropriate vehicle, once weekly for 12 weeks. (3) FG-3019 Treatment Group: Received s.c. injections of the CTGF VWC-domain specific antibody FG-3019 (purchased from Med Chem Express) administered according to an equivalent schedule and dose regimen as a comparator. (4) Apc003OA + BP Pre-treatment Group: Received an s.c. injection of the blocking peptide (BP) designed against the CT-domain of CTGF binding site for Apc003 ( e.g ., at a dose and timepoint defined in pilot studies, such as 1 h prior to each Apc003OA dose), followed by s.c. injection of Apc003OA (100 mg/kg), once weekly for 12 weeks.

    Techniques: Activity Assay, Muscles, Staining, Standard Deviation, Blocking Assay, Injection